--- #TODO This document is meant to show / illustrate the conceptual link from Hermeticism [Julius Evola (1898–1974) – spiritual collectivism](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Evola) - _He spiritualized fascism_, casting it as a metaphysical battle against decadence, modernity, and liberalism. - Blended **Hermeticism, traditionalism, and elitist metaphysics** to justify hierarchical, authoritarian rule. [Alfred Rosenberg (1893–1946) – Nazi ideologue](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Rosenberg) - Central figure in crafting **Nazi racial theory** and Aryan supremacy. - He saw **history as guided by a mystical racial spirit**—echoing a distorted form of Hegelian “world spirit.” [Giovanni Gentile (1875–1944) – fascist philosopher](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Gentile) - The **architect of Fascist ideology in Italy**, ghostwriter for Mussolini’s _Doctrine of Fascism_. - Reinterpreted Hegelian idealism to argue that the **individual only exists through the State**, which embodies ethical spirit. [Houston Stewart Chamberlain (1855–1927) – proto-Nazi racial mystic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houston_Stewart_Chamberlain) - Influential author of _The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century_, praising Aryan supremacy. - Promoted a **mythical, semi-spiritual theory of racial destiny**, fusing romantic nationalism with racial metaphysics. [Heinrich Himmler (1900–1945) – SS mystic and Nazi leader](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Himmler) - Embraced **occultism and Germanic mysticism** within the SS; commissioned esoteric rituals and pseudo-religious symbolism. - Believed in a **mystical Aryan mission**, supporting genocide as a form of “racial purification.” Georges Sorel's national syndicalist movement. National socialism is an Austrian ideology developed by several individuals, but primarily by a man called Rudolf Jung, who was responsible for giving the ideology its theoretical body, in his main work “Der Nationale Sozialismus: Seine Grundlagen, Sein Werdegang, und Seine Ziele”, or “National Socialism: its Foundations, its Development, and its Goals”, which was published in 1919 *Note: Jung himself considered himself the Marx of national socialism*